Origin of Grammar
When we speak or write, grammar is integral to communication. We follow rules, both consciously and unconsciously, to shape sentences and tenses. Grammar has a rich history. It originated to make communication more structured as language evolved from gesture and sound to ordered words. The advent of grammar helped make the communication process more universal.
The Word 'Grammar'
The word ‘grammar’ originated from the Greek word ‘Grammatik’.
Grammar in India: The Ashtadhyayi
The first semantic grammar of Sanskrit originated during the Indian Iron Age, around the 4th century BCE. Panini created the Ashtadhyayi, a detailed text on Sanskrit grammar. His words have defined Sanskrit and helped in the construction, modification, and formation of sentences. Modern linguists continue to utilize the Ashtadhyayi for scientific research on language.
Grammar in Rome and Greece
In the Roman civilization, Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato explored the relationship between words and their meanings. Later, in Alexandria, scholars assimilated Greek grammar rules and preserved Greek literature, especially Homer's epic. The Romans carried forward and adapted Greek ideas in Latin. As a result, many of the grammatical words we use today have Latin roots.
Grammar in Europe
During the medieval period, grammar became central in European education. Mastery of grammar enabled clear thinking and arguing. Religious scholars also emphasized the importance of learning grammar, as it ensured the accuracy of holy books such as the Bible and the Quran.
Modern Grammar
The modern study of grammar began during the European colonization period, as scholars documented and preserved languages. This led to language diversification. Modern 20th-century linguists argued that grammar was not for rule-setting, but for hardwiring the human brain.
From Order to Chaos via Grammar
Thus, the history of grammar is about aligning and bringing order to chaos. It starts with Panini in the ancient Indian Iron Age, continues with Greek philosophers, and extends to modern linguists. Grammar has helped preserve and clarify the meaning of language. It also facilitates all communication today, whether verbal or written. Ultimately, grammar enables us to express ourselves effectively.